1/2″ Bolt or dowelSingle Shear, Hem-Fir lumber

Selection Tables

	1/2″ Bolt or dowel Single Shear, Hem-Fir lumber
Wood Member	Fastener
Thickness (mm)	Side member depth (mm) d₁	No. of rows
140	140	184-191	184-191	235-241	184-191	235-241	286-292	343	.	235-241	286-292

64	76	102	127	152	64	76	102	127	152	64	76	102	127	152

1	2	3

Side, t₁	Main, t₂	0	0	0	0	0	51	76	102	127	152	51	76	102	127	152
38	38		89	1	0	2.11(R)	2.23(f)	2.23(f)	2.23(f)	2.23(f)	3.37(R)	4.47(f)	4.47(f)			5.06(R)	6.70(f)
38	38		140	2	38	4.22(R) 3.91	4.03(S) 3.26	4.47(f) 3.61	3.38(S) 2.50	4.20(S) 3.31	6.75(R) 5.28	8.24(S) 6.37	8.48(S) 6.73			8.92(G) 6.88	10.5(S) 7.65
38	38		140	2	64	4.22(R) 3.91	4.03(S) 3.26	4.47(f) 3.61	3.38(S) 2.50	4.20(S) 3.31	6.75(R) 5.28	8.24(S) 6.37	8.48(S) 6.73			9.38(S) 6.88	10.5(S) 7.65
38	38		184	2	89	4.22(R) 3.91	4.03(S) 3.26	4.47(f) 3.61	3.38(S) 2.50	4.20(S) 3.31	6.75(R) 5.28	8.24(S) 6.37	8.48(S) 6.73			9.38(S) 6.88	10.5(S) 7.65
38	38		184	3	38	4.84(S) 3.91	4.03(S) 3.26	4.55(S) 3.61	3.38(S) 2.50	4.20(S) 3.31	6.96(S) 5.28	8.24(S) 6.37	8.48(S) 6.73			9.38(S) 6.88	10.5(S) 7.65
38	38		235	3	64	4.84(S) 3.91	4.03(S) 3.26	4.55(S) 3.61	3.38(S) 2.50	4.20(S) 3.31	6.96(S) 5.28	8.24(S) 6.37	8.48(S) 6.73			9.38(S) 6.88	10.5(S) 7.65
38	38		286	3	89	4.84(S) 3.91	4.03(S) 3.26	4.55(S) 3.61	3.38(S) 2.50	4.20(S) 3.31	6.96(S) 5.28	8.24(S) 6.37	8.48(S) 6.73			9.38(S) 6.88	10.5(S) 7.65
38	89		89	1	0	2.11(R)	2.53(R)	3.15(f)	3.15(f)	3.15(f)	3.37(R)	5.06(R)	6.30(f)			5.06(R)	7.59(R)
38	89		140	2	38	4.22(R)	5.06(R)	6.30(f)	6.30(f)	6.30(f)	6.75(R)	8.92(G)	10.6(G)			8.92(G)	11.4(G)
38	89		140	2	64	4.22(R)	5.06(R)	6.30(f)	6.30(f)	6.30(f)	6.75(R)	10.1(R)	12.6(f)			10.1(R)	15.2(R)
38	89		184	2	89	4.22(R)	5.06(R)	6.30(f)	6.30(f)	6.30(f)	6.75(R)	10.1(R)	12.6(f)			10.1(R)	15.2(R)
38	89		184	3	38	6.32(R)	7.59(R)	9.44(f) 9.15	7.93(S) 6.33	9.44(f) 8.47	10.1(R)	12.8(G)	14.5(G)			12.8(G)	15.3(G)
38	89		235	3	64	6.32(R)	7.59(R)	9.44(f) 9.15	7.93(S) 6.33	9.44(f) 8.47	10.1(R)	15.2(R)	18.9(f) 17.3			15.2(R)	22.8(R) 19.7
38	89		286	3	89	6.32(R)	7.59(R)	9.44(f) 9.15	7.93(S) 6.33	9.44(f) 8.47	10.1(R)	15.2(R)	18.9(f) 17.3			15.2(R)	22.8(R) 19.7
38	140		89	1	0	2.11(R)	2.53(R)	3.37(R)	3.85(d)	3.85(d)	3.37(R)	5.06(R)	6.75(R)	7.70(d)		5.06(R)	7.59(R)
38	140		140	2	38	4.22(R)	5.06(R)	6.75(R)	7.70(d)	7.70(d)	6.75(R)	8.92(G)	10.6(G)	12.3(G)		8.92(G)	11.4(G)
38	140		140	2	64	4.22(R)	5.06(R)	6.75(R)	7.70(d)	7.70(d)	6.75(R)	10.1(R)	13.5(R)	15.4(d)		10.1(R)	15.2(R)
38	140		184	2	89	4.22(R)	5.06(R)	6.75(R)	7.70(d)	7.70(d)	6.75(R)	10.1(R)	13.5(R)	15.4(d)		10.1(R)	15.2(R)
38	140		184	3	38	6.32(R)	7.59(R)	10.1(R)	11.5(d) 8.39	11.5(d) 10.7	10.1(R)	12.8(G)	14.5(G)	16.2(G)		12.8(G)	15.3(G)
38	140		235	3	64	6.32(R)	7.59(R)	10.1(R)	11.5(d) 8.39	11.5(d) 10.7	10.1(R)	15.2(R)	20.2(R)	23.1(d) 21.8		15.2(R)	22.8(R)
38	140		286	3	89	6.32(R)	7.59(R)	10.1(R)	11.5(d) 8.39	11.5(d) 10.7	10.1(R)	15.2(R)	20.2(R)	23.1(d) 21.8		15.2(R)	22.8(R)
89	89		89	1	0	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	7.90(R)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)			11.8(R)	13.8(g)
89	89		140	2	38	9.19(g)	9.19(g) 8.18	9.19(g) 9.15	7.93(S) 6.33	9.19(g) 8.47	15.8(R) 13.4	18.4(g) 16.3	18.4(g) 17.3			20.9(G) 17.6	24.5(S) 19.7
89	89		140	2	64	9.19(g)	9.19(g) 8.18	9.19(g) 9.15	7.93(S) 6.33	9.19(g) 8.47	15.8(R) 13.4	18.4(g) 16.3	18.4(g) 17.3			22.0(S) 17.6	24.5(S) 19.7
89	89		184	2	89	9.19(g)	9.19(g) 8.18	9.19(g) 9.15	7.93(S) 6.33	9.19(g) 8.47	15.8(R) 13.4	18.4(g) 16.3	18.4(g) 17.3			22.0(S) 17.6	24.5(S) 19.7
89	89		184	3	38	11.3(S) 9.80	9.44(S) 8.18	10.7(S) 9.15	7.93(S) 6.33	9.84(S) 8.47	16.3(S) 13.4	19.3(S) 16.3	19.9(S) 17.3			22.0(S) 17.6	24.5(S) 19.7
89	89		235	3	64	11.3(S) 9.80	9.44(S) 8.18	10.7(S) 9.15	7.93(S) 6.33	9.84(S) 8.47	16.3(S) 13.4	19.3(S) 16.3	19.9(S) 17.3			22.0(S) 17.6	24.5(S) 19.7
89	89		286	3	89	11.3(S) 9.80	9.44(S) 8.18	10.7(S) 9.15	7.93(S) 6.33	9.84(S) 8.47	16.3(S) 13.4	19.3(S) 16.3	19.9(S) 17.3			22.0(S) 17.6	24.5(S) 19.7
89	140		89	1	0	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	7.90(R)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)		11.8(R)	13.8(g)
89	140		140	2	38	9.19(g)	9.19(g) 8.36	9.19(g)	9.19(g) 8.39	9.19(g)	15.8(R)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)		20.9(G)	26.8(G) 23.9
89	140		140	2	64	9.19(g)	9.19(g) 8.36	9.19(g)	9.19(g) 8.39	9.19(g)	15.8(R)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)		23.7(R) 21.5	27.6(g) 23.9
89	140		184	2	89	9.19(g)	9.19(g) 8.36	9.19(g)	9.19(g) 8.39	9.19(g)	15.8(R)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)		23.7(R) 21.5	27.6(g) 23.9
89	140		184	3	38	13.8(g) 10.0	13.8(g) 8.36	13.8(g) 11.7	13.5(S) 8.39	13.8(g) 10.7	23.7(R) 16.7	27.6(g) 19.9	27.6(g) 21.1	27.6(g) 21.8		29.9(G) 21.5	35.9(G) 23.9
89	140		235	3	64	13.8(g) 10.0	13.8(g) 8.36	13.8(g) 11.7	13.5(S) 8.39	13.8(g) 10.7	23.7(R) 16.7	27.6(g) 19.9	27.6(g) 21.1	27.6(g) 21.8		35.5(R) 21.5	39.5(S) 23.9
89	140		286	3	89	13.8(g) 10.0	13.8(g) 8.36	13.8(g) 11.7	13.5(S) 8.39	13.8(g) 10.7	23.7(R) 16.7	27.6(g) 19.9	27.6(g) 21.1	27.6(g) 21.8		35.5(R) 21.5	39.5(S) 23.9
89	191		89	1	0	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	4.59(g)	7.90(R)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)		11.8(R)	13.8(g)
89	191		140	2	38	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	15.8(R)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)		20.9(G)	26.8(G)
89	191		140	2	64	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	15.8(R)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)		23.7(R)	27.6(g)
89	191		184	2	89	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	9.19(g)	15.8(R)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)	18.4(g)		23.7(R)	27.6(g)
89	191		184	3	38	13.8(g) 13.7	13.8(g) 11.4	13.8(g)	13.8(g) 11.4	13.8(g)	23.7(R) 22.8	27.6(g) 27.2	27.6(g)	27.6(g)		29.9(G) 29.3	35.9(G) 32.6
89	191		235	3	64	13.8(g) 13.7	13.8(g) 11.4	13.8(g)	13.8(g) 11.4	13.8(g)	23.7(R) 22.8	27.6(g) 27.2	27.6(g)	27.6(g)		35.5(R) 29.3	41.4(g) 32.6
89	191		286	3	89	13.8(g) 13.7	13.8(g) 11.4	13.8(g)	13.8(g) 11.4	13.8(g)	23.7(R) 22.8	27.6(g) 27.2	27.6(g)	27.6(g)		35.5(R) 29.3	41.4(g) 32.6

Notes: The tabulated values are taken as the minimum of the yielding resistance, row shear, group tear-out and net tension resistances of the side member, and splitting resistance of the main member. The tabulated values are applicable when the side member is in tension. For side member in compression, the values are conservative when the failure mode is indicated as row shear (for connections with one fastener per row), group tear-out or net tension. The governing failure mode for each connection configuration is denoted by one of the following letters: (a)-(g), indicating the specific yielding failure mode as per O86 Clause 12.4.4.3.2, or (R), (G), (T) or (S), indicating failure due to row shear, group tear-out, net tension, or splitting, respectively. When the shear resistance calculated using the net section of the main member (O86 Clause 6.5.4.3) is lower than the tabulated value, the shear resistance is displayed (in kN) after the failure mode at the bottom of the cell. Where two depth values are provided, the first value is applicable for dimension lumber (38 to 102 mm in thickness) and the second value is applicable for timbers (114 or more in thickness). For the calculation of group tear-out and net tension resistances, the fastener hole diameter is assumed to be 2 mm larger than the fastener diameter. The lateral resistance P'_r is required to be adjusted to end-use conditions using modification factors depending on the governing failure mode as follows: P_r = P'_r (K_D K_SF K_T) for yielding failure mode (a), (b) or (f), P_r = P'_r (K_Dy K_SF K_T) for yielding failure mode (d), (e) or (g), P_r = P'_r (K_D K_Sv K_T) for row shear, P_r = P'_r (K_D K_St K_T) for group tear-out or net tension, P_r = P'_r (K_D K_SF K_T) for splitting. Modification factors are provided in Section 7.4 of the Wood Design Manual 2020. For untreated wood members under standard-term loading and dry service conditions, the modification factors are 1.0. Tabulated values are based on No.1/ No.2 grade for dimension lumber and No.2 grade for timbers. Tabulated values are based on ASTM A307 grade steel bolts or dowels. N/A = not applicable.

1/2″ Bolt or dowel
Single Shear, Hem-Fir lumber

Wood Member

Fastener

Thickness
(mm)

Side
member
depth
(mm)
d₁

No.
of
rows

140

184-191

235-241

184-191

235-241

286-292

343

235-241

286-292

102

127

152

102

127

152

102

127

152

Side,
t₁

Main,
t₂

102

127

152

102

127

152

2.11(R)

2.23(f)

3.37(R)

4.47(f)

5.06(R)

6.70(f)

140

4.22(R) 3.91

4.03(S) 3.26

4.47(f) 3.61

3.38(S) 2.50

4.20(S) 3.31

6.75(R) 5.28

8.24(S) 6.37

8.48(S) 6.73

8.92(G) 6.88

10.5(S) 7.65

140

4.22(R) 3.91

4.03(S) 3.26

4.47(f) 3.61

3.38(S) 2.50

4.20(S) 3.31

6.75(R) 5.28

8.24(S) 6.37

8.48(S) 6.73

9.38(S) 6.88

10.5(S) 7.65

184

4.22(R) 3.91

4.03(S) 3.26

4.47(f) 3.61

3.38(S) 2.50

4.20(S) 3.31

6.75(R) 5.28

8.24(S) 6.37

8.48(S) 6.73

9.38(S) 6.88

10.5(S) 7.65

184

4.84(S) 3.91

4.03(S) 3.26

4.55(S) 3.61

3.38(S) 2.50

4.20(S) 3.31

6.96(S) 5.28

8.24(S) 6.37

8.48(S) 6.73

9.38(S) 6.88

10.5(S) 7.65

235

4.84(S) 3.91

4.03(S) 3.26

4.55(S) 3.61

3.38(S) 2.50

4.20(S) 3.31

6.96(S) 5.28

8.24(S) 6.37

8.48(S) 6.73

9.38(S) 6.88

10.5(S) 7.65

286

4.84(S) 3.91

4.03(S) 3.26

4.55(S) 3.61

3.38(S) 2.50

4.20(S) 3.31

6.96(S) 5.28

8.24(S) 6.37

8.48(S) 6.73

9.38(S) 6.88

10.5(S) 7.65

2.11(R)

2.53(R)

3.15(f)

3.37(R)

5.06(R)

6.30(f)

5.06(R)

7.59(R)

140

4.22(R)

5.06(R)

6.30(f)

6.75(R)

8.92(G)

10.6(G)

8.92(G)

11.4(G)

140

4.22(R)

5.06(R)

6.30(f)

6.75(R)

10.1(R)

12.6(f)

10.1(R)

15.2(R)

184

4.22(R)

5.06(R)

6.30(f)

6.75(R)

10.1(R)

12.6(f)

10.1(R)

15.2(R)

184

6.32(R)

7.59(R)

9.44(f) 9.15

7.93(S) 6.33

9.44(f) 8.47

10.1(R)

12.8(G)

14.5(G)

12.8(G)

15.3(G)

235

6.32(R)

7.59(R)

9.44(f) 9.15

7.93(S) 6.33

9.44(f) 8.47

10.1(R)

15.2(R)

18.9(f) 17.3

15.2(R)

22.8(R) 19.7

286

6.32(R)

7.59(R)

9.44(f) 9.15

7.93(S) 6.33

9.44(f) 8.47

10.1(R)

15.2(R)

18.9(f) 17.3

15.2(R)

22.8(R) 19.7

140

2.11(R)

2.53(R)

3.37(R)

3.85(d)

3.37(R)

5.06(R)

6.75(R)

7.70(d)

5.06(R)

7.59(R)

140

4.22(R)

5.06(R)

6.75(R)

7.70(d)

6.75(R)

8.92(G)

10.6(G)

12.3(G)

8.92(G)

11.4(G)

140

4.22(R)

5.06(R)

6.75(R)

7.70(d)

6.75(R)

10.1(R)

13.5(R)

15.4(d)

10.1(R)

15.2(R)

140

184

4.22(R)

5.06(R)

6.75(R)

7.70(d)

6.75(R)

10.1(R)

13.5(R)

15.4(d)

10.1(R)

15.2(R)

140

184

6.32(R)

7.59(R)

10.1(R)

11.5(d) 8.39

11.5(d) 10.7

10.1(R)

12.8(G)

14.5(G)

16.2(G)

12.8(G)

15.3(G)

140

235

6.32(R)

7.59(R)

10.1(R)

11.5(d) 8.39

11.5(d) 10.7

10.1(R)

15.2(R)

20.2(R)

23.1(d) 21.8

15.2(R)

22.8(R)

140

286

6.32(R)

7.59(R)

10.1(R)

11.5(d) 8.39

11.5(d) 10.7

10.1(R)

15.2(R)

20.2(R)

23.1(d) 21.8

15.2(R)

22.8(R)

4.59(g)

7.90(R)

9.19(g)

11.8(R)

13.8(g)

140

9.19(g)

9.19(g) 8.18

9.19(g) 9.15

7.93(S) 6.33

9.19(g) 8.47

15.8(R) 13.4

18.4(g) 16.3

18.4(g) 17.3

20.9(G) 17.6

24.5(S) 19.7

140

9.19(g)

9.19(g) 8.18

9.19(g) 9.15

7.93(S) 6.33

9.19(g) 8.47

15.8(R) 13.4

18.4(g) 16.3

18.4(g) 17.3

22.0(S) 17.6

24.5(S) 19.7

184

9.19(g)

9.19(g) 8.18

9.19(g) 9.15

7.93(S) 6.33

9.19(g) 8.47

15.8(R) 13.4

18.4(g) 16.3

18.4(g) 17.3

22.0(S) 17.6

24.5(S) 19.7

184

11.3(S) 9.80

9.44(S) 8.18

10.7(S) 9.15

7.93(S) 6.33

9.84(S) 8.47

16.3(S) 13.4

19.3(S) 16.3

19.9(S) 17.3

22.0(S) 17.6

24.5(S) 19.7

235

11.3(S) 9.80

9.44(S) 8.18

10.7(S) 9.15

7.93(S) 6.33

9.84(S) 8.47

16.3(S) 13.4

19.3(S) 16.3

19.9(S) 17.3

22.0(S) 17.6

24.5(S) 19.7

286

11.3(S) 9.80

9.44(S) 8.18

10.7(S) 9.15

7.93(S) 6.33

9.84(S) 8.47

16.3(S) 13.4

19.3(S) 16.3

19.9(S) 17.3

22.0(S) 17.6

24.5(S) 19.7

140

4.59(g)

7.90(R)

9.19(g)

11.8(R)

13.8(g)

140

9.19(g)

9.19(g) 8.36

9.19(g)

9.19(g) 8.39

9.19(g)

15.8(R)

18.4(g)

20.9(G)

26.8(G) 23.9

140

9.19(g)

9.19(g) 8.36

9.19(g)

9.19(g) 8.39

9.19(g)

15.8(R)

18.4(g)

23.7(R) 21.5

27.6(g) 23.9

140

184

9.19(g)

9.19(g) 8.36

9.19(g)

9.19(g) 8.39

9.19(g)

15.8(R)

18.4(g)

23.7(R) 21.5

27.6(g) 23.9

140

184

13.8(g) 10.0

13.8(g) 8.36

13.8(g) 11.7

13.5(S) 8.39

13.8(g) 10.7

23.7(R) 16.7

27.6(g) 19.9

27.6(g) 21.1

27.6(g) 21.8

29.9(G) 21.5

35.9(G) 23.9

140

235

13.8(g) 10.0

13.8(g) 8.36

13.8(g) 11.7

13.5(S) 8.39

13.8(g) 10.7

23.7(R) 16.7

27.6(g) 19.9

27.6(g) 21.1

27.6(g) 21.8

35.5(R) 21.5

39.5(S) 23.9

140

286

13.8(g) 10.0

13.8(g) 8.36

13.8(g) 11.7

13.5(S) 8.39

13.8(g) 10.7

23.7(R) 16.7

27.6(g) 19.9

27.6(g) 21.1

27.6(g) 21.8

35.5(R) 21.5

39.5(S) 23.9

191

4.59(g)

7.90(R)

9.19(g)

11.8(R)

13.8(g)

191

140

9.19(g)

15.8(R)

18.4(g)

20.9(G)

26.8(G)

191

140

9.19(g)

15.8(R)

18.4(g)

23.7(R)

27.6(g)

191

184

9.19(g)

15.8(R)

18.4(g)

23.7(R)

27.6(g)

191

184

13.8(g) 13.7

13.8(g) 11.4

13.8(g)

13.8(g) 11.4

13.8(g)

23.7(R) 22.8

27.6(g) 27.2

27.6(g)

29.9(G) 29.3

35.9(G) 32.6

191

235

13.8(g) 13.7

13.8(g) 11.4

13.8(g)

13.8(g) 11.4

13.8(g)

23.7(R) 22.8

27.6(g) 27.2

27.6(g)

35.5(R) 29.3

41.4(g) 32.6

191

286

13.8(g) 13.7

13.8(g) 11.4

13.8(g)

13.8(g) 11.4

13.8(g)

23.7(R) 22.8

27.6(g) 27.2

27.6(g)

35.5(R) 29.3

41.4(g) 32.6

Notes:

The tabulated values are taken as the minimum of the yielding resistance, row shear, group tear-out and net tension resistances of the side member, and splitting resistance of the main member.
The tabulated values are applicable when the side member is in tension. For side member in compression, the values are conservative when the failure mode is indicated as row shear (for connections with one fastener per row), group tear-out or net tension.
The governing failure mode for each connection configuration is denoted by one of the following letters:
- (a)-(g), indicating the specific yielding failure mode as per O86 Clause 12.4.4.3.2, or
- (R), (G), (T) or (S), indicating failure due to row shear, group tear-out, net tension, or splitting, respectively.
When the shear resistance calculated using the net section of the main member (O86 Clause 6.5.4.3) is lower than the tabulated value, the shear resistance is displayed (in kN) after the failure mode at the bottom of the cell.
Where two depth values are provided, the first value is applicable for dimension lumber (38 to 102 mm in thickness) and the second value is applicable for timbers (114 or more in thickness).
For the calculation of group tear-out and net tension resistances, the fastener hole diameter is assumed to be 2 mm larger than the fastener diameter.
The lateral resistance P'_r is required to be adjusted to end-use conditions using modification factors depending on the governing failure mode as follows:
- P_r = P'_r (K_D K_SF K_T) for yielding failure mode (a), (b) or (f),
- P_r = P'_r (K_Dy K_SF K_T) for yielding failure mode (d), (e) or (g),
- P_r = P'_r (K_D K_Sv K_T) for row shear,
- P_r = P'_r (K_D K_St K_T) for group tear-out or net tension,
- P_r = P'_r (K_D K_SF K_T) for splitting.
Modification factors are provided in Section 7.4 of the Wood Design Manual 2020. For untreated wood members under standard-term loading and dry service conditions, the modification factors are 1.0.
Tabulated values are based on No.1/ No.2 grade for dimension lumber and No.2 grade for timbers.
Tabulated values are based on ASTM A307 grade steel bolts or dowels.
N/A = not applicable.